Emergency Services: A Literature Review on Occupational Safety and Health Risks

Emergency Services:
A Literature Review on Occupational Safety and Health Risks download/descargar

Table of Contents
1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................7
2. Emergency forces........................................................................................................................9
2.1. Population of emergency workers.............................................................................................9
2.1.1. Fire-fighters.......................................................................................................................9
2.1.2. Emergency medical service............................................................................................10
2.1.3. Police.............................................................................................................................13
2.1.4. Body handlers.................................................................................................................14
2.1.5. Providers of psychological first aid.................................................................................14
2.1.6. Special Forces for disaster control.................................................................................14
2.1.7. Gender aspects...............................................................................................................14
2.2. Emergencies and disasters.....................................................................................................15
2.2.1. Natural disasters.............................................................................................................15
2.2.2. Industrial accidents.........................................................................................................16
2.2.3. Transport accidents........................................................................................................17
2.2.4. Terrorist and criminal attacks..........................................................................................20
2.2.5. Massive public events.....................................................................................................20
3. Occupational health and safety risks for emergency workers...................................................23
3.1. Physical overstrain..................................................................................................................23
3.2. Emotional overstrain................................................................................................................24
3.3. OSH risks specific to natural disasters....................................................................................25
3.4. OSH risks specific to man-made disasters..............................................................................26
3.5. Poor management of resources..............................................................................................29
4. Health and safety outcomes......................................................................................................31
4.1. Fatalities.................................................................................................................................31
4.2. Violence at work......................................................................................................................32
4.3. Accidents and injuries..............................................................................................................33
4.4. Musculoskeletal disorders.......................................................................................................36
4.5. Negative health outcomes for mental health...........................................................................36
4.6. Negative health outcomes of radioactive exposure.................................................................39
4.7. Negative health outcomes related to chemical risks...............................................................40
4.8. Negative health outcomes related to biological risks..............................................................43
4.9. Early retirement......................................................................................................................43
5. Preventive measures.................................................................................................................45
5.1. International communication and coordination........................................................................45
5.2. Emergency policies.................................................................................................................45
5.3. Organisational measures: Safety and health management....................................................46
5.3.1. Risk assessment.............................................................................................................48
5.3.2. Training..........................................................................................................................49
5.3.3. Vaccination.....................................................................................................................49
5.3.4. Personal Protective Equipment.......................................................................................49
5.3.5. Ergonomic equipment.....................................................................................................51
5.3.6. Primary and secondary prevention of mental health problems.......................................52
5.3.7. Long-term-care and health surveillance..........................................................................54
6. Conclusions...............................................................................................................................55
7. References................................................................................................................................57
List of figures and tables
Table 1: Emergency workers – main groups and areas of activities..................................................21
Table 2: Injury statistics for fire and emergency workers.....................................................................35
Tabel 3: Example of possible protective measures against radioactive exposure (source: IAEA, 2006)..............................................................................................................48


Edited by:
Malgorzata Milczarek, European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA)
Writen by the following members of the TC OSH:
Angelika Hauke, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Task Leader.
Paraskevi Georgiadou, Dimitra Pinotsi, Hellenic Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (ELINYAE)
Hannu Kallio, Sirpa Lusa, Johanna Malmelin, Anne Punakallio, Rauno Pääkkönen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH)
Sylvie de Meyer, Prevent (Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Belgium)
Georgiana Ioana Nicolescu, National Institute for Research and Development on Occupational Safety Alexandru Darabont (INCDPM)
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).
Cover photo by Ivan Castelli - (EU-OSHA Photo Competition)
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011
ISBN 978-92-9191-668-9
doi 10.2802/54768
© European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), 2011
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

GUÍA SOBRE ESTRATEGIAS EFICACES PARA MEJORAR LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS TRABAJADORES

Esta guía se puede descargar aquí (en inglés)

Contents
Foreword 4
Introduction: Why worker participation is important 6
The role of employers 9
The role of workers 10
The role of worker representatives 12
Effective worker participation checklists 13
Resources and further information 17
About 18

EU-OSHA – European Agency for Safety and Health at Work

European drug prevention quality standards

EMCDDA, Lisbon, December 2011

Publication type:

Manuals

Summary:

This Manual is a joint production by the EMCDDA and the Prevention Standards Partnership, and presents and describes basic and expert level quality standards for drug prevention. The standards cover all aspects of drug prevention work, including needs and resource assessment, programme planning, intervention design, resource management, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, dissemination, sustainability, stakeholder involvement, staff development, and ethics. Considerations regarding the standards’ real-life implementation are provided, acknowledging differences in professional culture, policy, and the structure of prevention delivery within Europe.

Download as pdf (1.4 MB):

English (en)

Table of contents

Table of contents

• Current approaches to drug prevention in Europe
• Using the quality standards
• About the quality standards
• Cross-cutting considerations
• Project stage 1: Needs assessment
• Project stage 2: Resource assessment
• Project stage 3: Programme formulation
• Project stage 4: Intervention design
• Project stage 5: Management and mobilisation of resources
• Project stage 6: Delivery and monitoring
• Project stage 7: Final evaluations
• Project stage 8: Dissemination and improvement
• Appendix

Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers

Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers

Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers
1. Crisis intervention - methods. 2. Disasters. 3. Emergency medical services.
4. Adaptation, psychological. 5. First aid - psychology, psychosocial.
6. Stress disorders, traumatic - psychology. 7. Manuals.
I. World Health Organization. II. War Trauma Foundation. III. World Vision International.
ISBN 978 92 4 154820 5 (NLM classification: WM 401)

Full text here

Próximamente en Español y otros idiomas

World Alzheimer Report 2011 The benefits of early diagnosis and intervention (English)

World Alzheimer Report 2011
The benefits of early diagnosis and intervention

Prof Martin Prince, Dr Renata Bryce and Dr Cleusa Ferri, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK
Published by Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI). September 2011

Key findings

• Dementia diagnosis provides access to a pathway of evidence-based treatment, care, and
support across the disease course.
• Perhaps as many as 28 million of the world’s 36 million people with dementia have yet to
receive a diagnosis, and therefore do not have access to treatment, information, and care.
• The impact of a dementia diagnosis depends greatly upon how it is made and imparted.
Evidence suggests that when people with dementia and their families are well prepared and
supported, initial feelings of shock, anger and grief are balanced by a sense of reassurance
and empowerment.
• Earlier diagnosis allows people with dementia to plan ahead while they still have the capacity
to make important decisions about their future care. In addition, they and their families can
receive timely practical information, advice and support. Only through receiving a diagnosis
can they get access to available drug and non-drug therapies that may improve their cognition
and enhance their quality of life. And, they can, if they choose, participate in research for the
benefit of future generations.
• Most people with early stage dementia would wish to be told of their diagnosis.
• Improving the likelihood of earlier diagnosis can be enhanced through: a) medical practicebased
educational programs in primary care, b) the introduction of accessible diagnostic and
early stage dementia care services (for example, memory clinics), and c) promoting effective
interaction between different components of the health system.
• Early therapeutic interventions can be effective in improving cognitive function, treating
depression, improving caregiver mood, and delaying institutionalisation. It is simply not
true that there is ‘no point in early diagnosis’ or that ‘nothing can be done’. Some of these
interventions may be more effective when started earlier in the disease course.
• Available evidence suggests that governments should ‘spend to save’ – in other words,
invest now to save in the future. Economic models suggest that the costs associated with an
earlier dementia diagnosis are more than offset by the cost savings from the benefits of antidementia
drugs and caregiver interventions. These benefits include delayed institutionalisation
and enhanced quality of life of people with dementia and their carers.

 

Full text here

Autism: recognition, referral and diagnosis of children and young people on the autism spectrum

Autism: recognition, referral and diagnosis of children and young people on the autism spectrum
National Collaborating Centre for Women‟s and Children‟s Health
Commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
September 2011
Published by the RCOG Press at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 27 Sussex
Place, Regent‟s Park, London NW1 4RG
www.rcog.org.uk
Registered charity no. 213280
First published 2011
© 2011 National Collaborating Centre for Women‟s and Children‟s Health

Contents
Guideline development group membership and acknowledgements 1
1 Summary of recommendations and care pathway 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Key priorities for implementation 4
1.3 Recommendations 7
1.4 Key research recommendations 24
1.5 Care pathway 25
2 Development of the guideline 32
2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 Aim and scope of the guideline 37
2.3 For whom is this guideline intended? 38
2.4 Other relevant documents 39
2.5 Who has developed the guideline 39
2.6 Guideline development methodology 40
2.7 Specific considerations for this guideline 47
2.8 Schedule for updating the guidance 47
3 Recognition 48
Introduction 48
Clinical question 48
3.1 Overview of the evidence 48
3.2 Evidence profile 49
3.3 Evidence statement 54
3.4 Evidence to recommendations 54
Recommendations 59
3.5 Research recommendations 67
4 Following referral 70
Introduction 70
Clinical questions 70
4.1 Overview of the evidence: tools to identify an increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorders
(ASD) 70
4.2 Evidence profiles: tools to identify an increased likelihood of ASD 71
4.3 Evidence statements: tools to identify an increased likelihood of ASD 74
4.4 Evidence to recommendations: tools to identify an increased likelihood of autism 75
Recommendations 76
4.5 Overview of the evidence: risk factors 76
4.6 Evidence profiles: risk factors 76
4.7 Evidence statements: risk factors 82
4.8 Evidence to recommendations: risk factors 82
4.9 Overview of the evidence: conditions with an increase risk of ASD 82
4.10 Evidence profiles: conditions with an increased prevalence of ASD 83
4.11 Evidence statements: conditions with an increased prevalence of ASD 86
4.12 Evidence to recommendations: risk factors and conditions with an increased prevalence of
autism 86
Recommendations 87
4.13 Overview of the evidence: information from other sources 88
4.14 Evidence profile: information from other sources 88
4.15 Evidence statement: information from other sources 89
Autism in children and young people
iv
4.16 Evidence to recommendations: information from other sources 89
Recommendations 90
4.17 Research recommendations: information from other sources 91
5 Diagnostic assessment 93
Introduction 93
Clinical questions 93
5.1 Overview of the evidence: accuracy of assessment tools 94
5.2 Evidence profiles: accuracy of assessment tools 94
5.3 Evidence statement: accuracy of assessment tools 99
5.4 Evidence to recommendations: accuracy of assessment tools 99
5.5 Overview of the evidence: agreement between assessment tools 99
5.6 Evidence profiles: agreement between assessment tools 99
5.7 Evidence statement: agreement between assessment tools 99
5.8 Evidence to recommendations: agreement between assessment tools 100
5.9 Overview of the evidence: other assessment tools to assist interpretation of the autism-specific
diagnostic tools 100
5.10 Evidence profiles: other assessment tools to assist interpretation of the autism-specific
diagnostic tools 100
5.11 Evidence statement: other assessment tools to assist interpretation of the autism-specific
diagnostic tools 100
5.12 Evidence to recommendations: other assessment tools to assist interpretation of the autismspecific
diagnostic tools 100
5.13 Overview of evidence: agreement between a single clinician and a panel of clinicians when
making a diagnosis 100
5.14 Evidence profile: agreement between a single clinician and a panel of clinicians when making a
diagnosis 101
5.15 Evidence statement: agreement between a single clinician and a panel of clinicians when
making a diagnosis 103
5.16 Evidence to recommendations: agreement between a single clinician and a panel of clinicians
when making a diagnosis 103
5.17 Overview of the evidence: stability of ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR criteria 103
5.18 Evidence profiles: stability of ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR criteria 103
5.19 Evidence statement: stability of ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR criteria 107
5.20 Evidence to recommendations for sections 5.1–5.19 107
Recommendations 112
5.21 Research recommendations 114
5.22 Overview of the evidence: communicating diagnosis to the family 116
5.23 Evidence profile: communicating diagnosis to the family 116
5.24 Evidence statements: communicating diagnosis to the family 123
5.25 Evidence to recommendations: communicating diagnosis to the family 124
Recommendations 125
5.26 Overview of the evidence: actions that should follow assessment for children and young people
who are not immediately diagnosed 126
5.27 Evidence profile: actions that should follow assessment for children and young people who are
not immediately diagnosed 126
5.28 Evidence statement: actions that should follow assessment for children and young people who
are not immediately diagnosed 126
5.29 Evidence to recommendations: actions that should follow assessment for children and young
people who are not immediately diagnosed 127
Recommendations 128
6 Differential diagnosis 129
Introduction 129
Clinical question 129
6.1 Overview of the evidence: identifying differential diagnoses 129
6.2 Evidence profile: identifying differential diagnoses 129
6.3 Evidence statements: identifying differential diagnoses 138
6.4 Evidence to recommendations: identifying differential diagnoses 140
Contents
v
6.5 Overview of the evidence: identifying features that differentiate ASD from other conditions 140
6.6 Evidence profiles: identifying features that differentiate ASD from other conditions 140
6.7 Evidence statements: identifying features that differentiate ASD from other conditions 140
6.8 Evidence to recommendations: identifying features that differentiate autism from other
conditions 140
Recommendations 143
7 Assessment of coexisting conditions 144
Introduction 144
Clinical question 144
7.1 Overview of the evidence 144
7.2 Evidence profiles 145
7.3 Evidence statements 150
7.4 Evidence to recommendations 151
Recommendations 153
8 Medical investigations 154
Introduction 154
Clinical question 154
8.1 Overview of the evidence 155
8.2 Evidence profiles 157
8.3 Evidence statements 170
8.4 Evidence to recommendations 172
Recommendations 176
8.5 Research recommendations 176
9 Information and support 179
Introduction 179
Clinical questions 179
9.1 Overview of the evidence: information during the process of referral, assessment and
diagnosis 179
9.2 Evidence profile: information during the process of referral, assessment and diagnosis 179
9.3 Evidence statement: information during the process of referral, assessment and diagnosis 183
9.4 Evidence to recommendations: information during the process of referral, assessment and
diagnosis 184
Recommendations 185
9.5 Overview of the evidence: support for children, young people, their families and carers 186
9.6 Evidence profile: support for children, young people, their families and carers 186
9.7 Evidence statement: support for children, young people, their families and carers 191
9.8 Evidence to recommendations: support for children, young people, their families and carers 192
Recommendations 194
10 Service descriptions and resource use 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 Descriptions of specific autism diagnostic services 197
10.3 Estimating resource use for an autism specific assessment 203
10.4 Conclusion 210
11 References, abbreviations and glossary 211
11.1 References 211
11.2 Abbreviations 225
11.3 Glossary 228

Common mental health disorders

Common mental health disorders: identification and pathways to care

Description

This clinical guideline offers evidence-based advice on the care and treatment of adults who have common mental health disorders, with a particular focus on primary care. It brings together advice from existing guidelines and combines it with new recommendations on access to care, assessment and dev ...

Read the complete summary

Guidance documents

• Full guideline documents
• NICE guideline PDF format  | MS Word format
• Quick reference guide PDF format
• NICE guidance written for patients and carers PDF format  | MS Word format
• CG123 Common mental health disorders: guidance (web format)

Implementing this guidance

• Baseline assessment tool
• Costing report
• Costing template
• Slide set

• CG123 Common mental health disorders: podcast

A resource for primary care will be available by the end of 2011.

Other information

• Background information

About this guidance

Clinical guidelines CG123

Issued: May 2011
How this guidance was produced

See also:

• Mental health and behavioural conditions

See this guidance in practice:

• Research recommendations
• 'Do not do' recommendations
• 'Referral advice' recommendations

Order printed copies of this guidance

This page was last updated: 15 July 2011

Infomación extraída de NHS: National Institute for Health and Clinicar Excellence